Unicode encoding conversion is the process of converting text between different Unicode encodings. Unicode is a standardized encoding system that allows characters from virtually all languages and scripts to be represented. Unicode encodings include formats like UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32, and others.

Common Unicode Encodings
UTF-8: A variable-width encoding that uses one to four bytes to represent each character. It is widely used on the web and supports all Unicode characters.
UTF-16: A variable-width encoding that uses either two or four bytes for each character. It is commonly used by Windows systems and in many programming languages.
UTF-32: A fixed-width encoding that uses four bytes for each character. It's not space-efficient but simplifies some types of character processing.
Why Convert Between Unicode Encodings?
Interoperability: Different systems or applications may use different encodings. Converting ensures compatibility.
Efficiency: Some encodings are more space-efficient depending on the language or content.
Consistency: Ensuring all text data uses the same encoding to avoid errors in processing or display.